Pollution

Resources can be classified into two types: renewable and non-renewable. The renewable resources can be generated continuously in nature and are inexhaustible, e.g., wind, water, sun etc.

We must look out for alternative power resources. Among these is the sun, wind biogas and tides which are available and are sources of renewable energy. They score over the conventional sources of energy and are inexhaustible and pollution free.

Wind and running water, as sources of energy, were in use long before the conventional sources of energy like coal, oil, mineral and natural gas came to be used by the masses. Wind and running water were being used for navigation. Wind mills were used for pumping water and for grinding grains. Such sources of energy are known as alternative sources of energy which include biogas, solar energy, windmills, atomic energy, tidal energy and geo thermal energy.

The alternative sources of energy are always very environment friendly and are not at all highly polluting. This turns out to be an important factor for sustained economic growth.

Use of petroleum and gas is an added source of pollution for our environment. Coal produced by mining also produces dust particles in the air and moreover mining and handling is a hazardous job.

Fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal damage the ozone layer and also pose danger to human settlements. The prime advantage of using energy from renewable resources are that they are easily available and has a never ending supply .Renewable energy can be locally produced and the cost of distribution involved too is very low and above all they do not cause any harm to the pollution.

Some of the technologies being used today are not environment friendly and tend to create many environmental hazards. By using the renewable sources of energy the goods produced can be reused and the goods can be recycled. Therefore we need to take in to consideration and promote alternate technology resources in which environmental considerations are integrated into the product being made and used.

In the process of engineering the design and integrating the product optimization of energy and material consumption and conservation and reuse of the earth’s resources should be the major concern. Environment belongs to each one of us and therefore all of us have a responsibility to contribute towards its conservation and protection

Contamination of air is called Air pollution. When poisonous gases or smoke is added in the air, it becomes polluted. The air gets polluted also by the presence of dust particles. There are several other reasons which lead to air pollution. Many vehicles ply on the roads each day. All vehicles need some fuel to run like diesel or petrol. When this fuel burns in the engine, large amount of smoke is released ion the air. Smoke contains poisonous gases and is very harmful to us and may cause asthma or irritation in eyes.

Many people tend to throw waste in the open and this leads to foul smell. Many flies and insects breed on them and may cause diseases like diarrhea or malaria. Many factories in the cities have tall chimneys which let out lot of harmful smoke and this harmful smoke released in the air contains many poisonous gases and is very harmful to us and is a major cause of air pollution.

Water is the basis of all life on earth. It is available in seas, rivers, lakes and ground water. The ground water is the major source of drinking water It is found beneath the surface of the earth and is also required by farmers to irrigate fields.

Water is polluted by many activities of man. Sewage is the major factor of water pollution. The waste material released from the toilets flows through the sewage. Sometimes this sewage is released into the river. The water thus gets polluted. The industries or factories also release their sewage. It is called industrial sewage and contains many poisonous things. When this sewage is released in to the rivers or lakes it kills all the marine life and sometimes poisonous sewage is released in pits It percolated down and joins the ground water which we drink All these activities cause water pollution.

Soil is the loose material found on the surface of the earth. It is formed when rocks are broken into pieces. The soil provides many nutrients to plants and farmers grow crops in soil. When farmers spray insecticides like DDT to kill insects these poisonous insecticides mix with the soil and pollute it.

Soil erosion is a serious problem nowadays. It means the removal of soil. It is caused by the cutting of trees and when trees are cut the soil particles become loose and are further carried away by wind or running water. On the whole soil pollution on this earth is a harmful agricultural practice and in turn aggravates pollution.

Mining is the taking out of natural resources and metals from earth.  Manganese, copper, tin, aluminum ore, iron ore, gold, silver, and diamonds are just some examples of what is mined. Mining is a capital making business.  Not only do mining companies show a profit, but governments also put together money from revenues.  Workers also receive earnings and profit.

Minerals and metals are very expensive possessions.  For example, manganese is a key constituent of low-cost stainless steel.   Cooper and tin are used to make pipes, cookware, etc.  And gold, silver, and diamonds are used to make jewelry.

Mining is generally very grave to the environment.  It is one of the main causes of deforestation.  In order to mine, trees and vegetation are vacant and burned.  With the ground completely bare, large scale drawing out operations uses gigantic bulldozers and excavators to haul out the metals and minerals from the soil.   This pollution contaminates all living organisms within the body of water and in due course the people who depend on the fish for their main source of protein and their money-making source of revenue.

Miners use a generator to dig a outsized hole in the ground.  They use a high strain hose to expose the gold-bearing layer of sand and clay.  The gold bearing slurry is pumped into a wash box, which collects gold particles, while mine tailings flow into either a neglected mining pit or nearby forest.  These pools create a reproduction ground for mosquitoes and other water-borne insects.  Malaria and other water-borne diseases increase drastically whenever open pools of water are in close proximity.

The miners with the use a hydraulic suction hose dig the gravel along the river.  In the process of collection of gold the unwanted garbage is collected on felt mats.  The remaining gravel, mud, and rocks get discharged into the river.  This creates problems for the river.  The displaced gravel and mud disturb the natural flow of the water in the river.  The marine life gets completely destroyed. Due to the growing demand for minerals the mining of the earth’s natural resources is therefore accelerating and has lead to environmental effluence on an enormous scale.

Conversation is the process of maintenance and judicious of natural resources of the earth by human-beings. The earth’s resources include forest, soil, minerals, water, wildlife and air. The welfare of man is dependent on his ability to utilize the earth’s resources. Human beings are the most intelligent and dominating species of the earth. Man uses the earth’s resources for his basic needs and physical comforts.

Due to the advancement in science and technology, the utilization of natural resources of the earth by human beings has increased by about 100 times over the last 200 years. The over-utilization of natural resources and over-population has disturbed the entire eco system. It has created problems like shortage of minerals, potable water, clean air and safe food. This is going to be a serious threat to the very existence of all living beings on mother earth in the times to come. So the need of the hour is to conserve our natural resources before it is too late.

Air is the number one life support. One can’t survive without air. It is essential for breathing and for burning. Conservation of air mainly prevents pollution and this is possible by afforestation to some extend because trees are air purifiers. Next to air water is most important for the survival of life on earth. With the growth in world population, the demand for water has increased many folds so we should conserve water and use it economically. Construction of dams and reservoirs and rain water harvesting can help you avoid water pollutions.

Soil is an important land source as it support plants the primary producers. Afforestation, prevention of overgrazing and construction of dams are some of the measures of conversation of soil. Forest also maintains the ecological balance on the earth. The upkeep of forest is called forest conversation.

The indiscriminate killing of animals has resulted in large scale reduction of wild life resources. So affords to be made to conserve it. Therefore hunting regulations and establishments of national park and wild life centuries are the means to conserve wild life. Minerals such as coal and petroleum are non-renewable naturally occurring substances found inside the earth. They should be conserved by prohibiting the wastage by recycling, repair and reuse. To conclude by educating people about conservation of resources better result can be obtained. Then and only then can we dream of survival on the earth.

Controlling the pollution has been a largest part challenging turf for human evolution. Understanding the ruthlessness and variety of pollution in diverse walks of life and studying their somber implications on human health, animal health, ecological problems, urban life style, and a lot of unidentified problems has been a great confront for human knowledge.

As the cities grow faster and as the use of chemicals in agriculture is at an ever-increasing rate and as more industries are recognized year after year the problem of pollution is attaining wider enormity. Control of pollution requires acknowledgment of pollution in different parts of the world and quantitative studies about pollution. Several control procedures have been recommended and used to control the pollution.

Pollution control has been the combined responsibility of administrators and policy makers, civic bodies, industries and agriculturists as well as all the people who generate pollution and who are affected by pollution. In fact, creating consciousness of pollution itself is a part of its control, because a variety of kinds of pollution could be avoided in its place of being controlled. In this respect, most civilized societies attempt to control the pollution with more alertness and refined methods than most developing countries.

In many developing countries higher public awareness about pollution and large capital base to spend on pollution control are limited. In addition, the problems due to pollution are more aggravated in developing countries due to high rate of population growth.

On the other hand, the attempts are being made in our country to trim down the pollution in many ways.

Some of the ways of controlling pollution are by treating plants established to treat industrial effluents before they are released in to the rivers. Ban and burden of fines on industries not subsequent to pollution control methods and a complete ban on dumping of industrial wastes in insecure ways are ways to encourage controlling pollution.

Promoting the sustainable system of agriculture which encourages use of smaller amount of chemicals as much as possible in agricultural operation is a start to controlling pollution. Reduced use promotes the use of all natural resources next to fertilizers. Ban on some pesticides like DDT, BHC – which are known to have high perseverance values due to their non – biodegradable and bio-accumulative properties is a necessity.

Suggesting and adopting quite a few domestic methods to avoid dangers of pollution. Frequent surveys of pollution of air, food, and water at many urban centers to put into effect checks on pollution causing agents are hardly any of the ways through which a check on controlling pollution can be made.

Human wealth basically is generated from three sources, agriculture, manufacturing and mineral resources. The complex modern society is built around the exploitation and use of mineral resources. Furthermore modern agriculture and the ability to feed an overpopulated world is dependent on mineral resources to construct the machines that till the soil, enrich it with mineral fertilizers and transport the product

How does mining affect the people?

• The people who are open to the elements to the poisonous waste from the mines become sick.  They contract skin rashes, headaches, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.  In fact, the symptoms of mercury poisoning are very parallel to the symptoms of malaria.  Many people who can not afford to go to a doctor, or who live in a village where a doctor is not easy to get to, are over and over again not treated for their illnesses.
• If the water is impure, the people can not use it for daily necessities like bathing, cooking, or washing their clothes.
• If the man of the household is a small scale miner, he often leaves his wife and children in search of work.  This means that the wife and children must work and make food available for themselves.  They must also save themselves from harm from thieves.
• Theft, drugs/alcohol, prostitution, rape, and sexual ill-treatment are regrettably some of the sound effects of mining.
• Cultural ruin also occurs in mining villages.  For example, mining time and again destroys sacred sites and cemeteries.   Fishing unfortunately can not take place if the river has been dredged for gold.  Remember, the dislocation of the gravel and mud obstructs the accepted flow of the river.  As a result, fish and other organisms die.

What can we do as global citizens to curb the effects of mining?

• Make companies who take advantage of emergent countries accountable for their actions.
• Impose sanctions on products produced by companies who do not mine in environmentally accountable ways.
• Start talking.  Tell your family members, friends, teachers, and members in your group of people about the sound effects of mining and how jewelry made of gold, silver, and diamonds can be substituted for other metals which are mined in liable ways.
• Write letters to governments who do not properly pay compensation people who have been affected by toxic waste from mining companies.
• Spread alertness of this issue by giving out your knowledge.  This is how change occurs.

Recycling is reusing materials in innovative or untouched forms to a certain extent than throwing away them as wastes. In reusing material or altering material into new materials relatively than throwing it away the surroundings as well as we do well to from it.

Some benefits include:
Saving energy
It takes less energy to process second hand supplies than it does to use virgin materials. For example, it takes a lesser amount of energy to recycle paper from waste material than it does to make paper from new woodland, for the reason that there is no longer a need to cut down a new tree, process the wood on or after from the tree and craft it into paper.
What is so significant in relation to saving power from end to end recycling? Energy from non-renewable income is protected and saved for future generations, money is saved when less power is used and time and again pollution and emissions are reduced when less energy is used.
Saving Money and Land Space
Recycling reduces litter in landfill sites, which cuts down on the cost of throw away disposal and the clearing of more land for new landfills when the up to date landfills turn out to be too full to store any more waste. Recycling is a simple and less luxurious option to clearing more land for new landfills. For example, composting, recycling kitchen waste and back garden waste into compost provides revenue of free nourishing soil for crop growing. Recycling would allow us to use again the materials over and over again.
Air Pollution and Water Pollution
Decomposing waste over and over again releases noxious gases and chemicals as it decomposes at landfill sites. These gas and chemicals form air pollution Air pollution is precisely what it sounds like, polluted air. When the chemicals percolate into the groundwater this creates water pollution and our water is infected. Imagine how much toxic waste we could prevent if as an alternative of landfills we had recycling centers. We could take in cleaner air and drink cleaner water.
Additional Benefits
Recycling also preserves wildlife. When smaller amount of trees are cut down to make new material or to put together space landfills, environment for wildlife remains. More habitats for animals stand for less animal extinction.
Despite what some may say, recycling is imperative and it can make a difference. We possibly will not be proficient to solve our landfill and pollution problems anytime almost immediately, but at least we are capable to help to keep them from getting worse.

Uncontaminated air is something we all have to have for healthy home surroundings. Outdoor air pollution in cities is a major health problem. Much attempt and money continues to be spent cleaning up pollution in the outdoor air. But air pollution can be a problem where you least expect it, in the place you may have considered was safest–your home.

The reason for the upsurge of indoor pollution in today’s homes is a straight result of our efforts to be energy capable. As we make every effort to build homes more and more energy efficient, we also create an environment at risk to these indoor air quality problems. The air in our homes is recycled many times over, often with fresh air entering only when we open doors or windows.

We tend to spend most of our time indoors, often at home. Therefore, breathing clean indoor air can have an important impact on health. Biological pollutants are living organisms. They encourage poor indoor air quality and may be a major cause of days lost from work or school, and of doctor and hospital visits. Some can even smash up surfaces inside and outside your house. Biological pollutants can travel through the air and are often invisible. Some common indoor biological pollutants are Animal Dander (minute scales from hair, feathers, or skin), Dust Mite and Cockroach parts, (Fungi or viruses)

Some of these substances are in every home. It is impossible to get rid of them all. Even a spotless home may let the growth of organic pollutants. Nutrients and moisture are essential to support biological growth. These conditions can be found in many locations, such as bathrooms, damp or flooded basements, wet appliances (such as air conditioners), and even some carpets and furniture.

All of us are open to the fundamentals to organic pollutants. However, the individual possessions on our health depend upon the type and quantity of biological pollution and the entity person. Some people do not experience health reactions from certain biological pollutants, while others may experience allergies, and toxic infections Allergic reactions can vary from meekly rough to critical, as in a harsh asthma attack. Some common signs and symptoms are Nasal congestion, Itching and exhaustion. Biological pollutants can have a major smash on health of the family members. With proper coverage to air indoor pollution can be greatly reduced.

Pollution is caused by more or less all actions of human beings, either directly or indirectly. Use of mosquito repellent, use of cooking gas, use of detergent, use of pesticides, enterprise of a factory or a hospital or a hostel, generation of power etc. can bring pollution in one form or other. In broader sense, any form of human interference in natural processes can lead us to pollution.

Then, the whole world is full of pollution and there is no safe place left for us to live which means that every human being is affected by pollution constantly. Fortunately, all the pollution is not causing an immediate disaster on human society.

The dangerous effects of pollution are a result of undesirable changes in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of air, land and water. Pollution can be natural or man-made. The agents or substances that cause pollution are known as pollutants. Pollutants that can be broken down in to simpler compounds by the action of microbes are known as biodegradable pollutants e.g. Agricultural and kitchen waste. Pollutants that do not break down from the action of microbes into simpler compounds are known as Non-biodegradable pollutants. E.g. Pesticides, DDT, plastics aluminum foils etc.

All these issues are very important because some kinds of pollutants are dangerous in the minutest form. Thus such kind of pollution is insignificantly objectionable, costly and irrelevant.

In fact, if pollution of mildest form is sought after to be curbed in any place of world, it becomes vital to slip back to the process of civilization. No scientific advancement is likely and certain use of products cannot be avoided at all as they are important for a clean and healthy living.

This can be illustrated by number of examples from daily household use of products where in usage of detergents causes pollution of water when it enters the soil. Water pollution can lead to complete degradation of soil and the ecological unit and even lead to drinking water pollution. Yet we cannot stop the use of detergents in our house as it is used by every household and is a very important commodity for cleaning River water is contaminated by a waste matter and minor traces can be found in drinking water supply from such river contaminated by human race. We still cannot imagine forbidding ourselves from the use of water for drinking purposes.

The importance and magnitude of the causes of pollution caused varies from situation to situation, place to place and from one situation to another.